| Wobbly, loose joints or handles | - Loose screws or fittings
- Failed glue joint or broken tenon
- Stripped chipboard or MDF around a fitting
| - Rock it and watch each joint. Movement at a bolt or screw is hardware; a gap opening in a glued joint is structure.
- Look for cracked or crumbled board around cam fittings and screws.
- Check that legs and stretchers are original and all present.
| - Photos of the joints and the underside.
- Whether it has been dismantled and rebuilt before.
| Basic to Advanced, depending on the cause Diagnosis time: Minutes Safety-relevant | Screws and bolts are trivial. Re-gluing a loose joint needs clamps, the right glue and patience. Stripped chipboard does not hold a screw again without a proper repair, and the result may not be strong enough to sell. | - Broken tenons or split legs on a chair or table.
- Crumbled chipboard at load-bearing fittings.
- Any seating you would not sit on yourself.
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| Drawers stick or runners broken | - Worn or broken drawer runner
- Wood swollen from damp
| - Pull each drawer fully out and look at the runners and the drawer sides.
- Check whether the carcass is square — measure the diagonals.
- Feel for swelling and raised grain from damp.
| - Runner type and length.
- Where the piece was stored.
| Basic to Intermediate, depending on the cause Diagnosis time: Minutes Low safety relevance | Metal runners are inexpensive and swap like for like. Worn wooden runners and swollen carcasses need woodworking and time. | - Carcass out of square from damp.
- Drawer fronts parting from their sides.
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| Scratches, rings or worn finish | - Worn finish
- Lifting or missing veneer
- Old coating of unknown composition
| - Clean a hidden patch with a damp cloth to see what is dirt and what is damage.
- Look at edges and corners for lifting or missing veneer.
- Estimate the age of any paint. Old paint of unknown composition is not to be sanded.
| - Age of the piece and of its finish.
- Whether it has been repainted.
| Basic to Advanced, depending on the cause Diagnosis time: Under an hour Safety-relevant | Cleaning, wax or oil are cheap and quick. Proper refinishing is slow. Veneer repair is skilled work and visible when done badly. | - Missing veneer on show surfaces.
- Old painted pieces if your plan depends on sanding them.
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| Small round holes, fresh dust, swelling or musty smell | - Active woodworm
- Water damage
| - Small round holes with pale, fresh dust beneath them suggest active woodworm; old dark holes may be historic.
- Tide marks, swollen board edges, delamination, mold and musty smell.
| - Where it was stored — cellars and sheds are the usual culprits.
| Professional Diagnosis time: Minutes Safety-relevant | Treatment and drying take weeks and may not succeed. Infested furniture can spread to your home and stock. | - Any sign of active infestation.
- Swollen or delaminated board.
- Mold.
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| Hinges, knobs, legs or fasteners missing | - Missing fitting that can be identified
- Stripped chipboard or MDF around a fitting
- Anti-tip fixing missing
| - Find the product label and article number.
- Compare the fittings present with the assembly leaflet’s parts list.
- Check every cam and dowel hole for crumbling.
- Check the anti-tip kit is present on anything tall.
| - Product name and number.
- The assembly leaflet, or a link to it.
- How many times it has been dismantled.
| Basic to Intermediate, depending on the cause Diagnosis time: Under an hour Safety-critical | Identified fittings are cheap or free from some makers. Each dismantling weakens board around the fittings, and that cannot be bought new. | - Model cannot be identified.
- Crumbled board at several fittings.
- Tall storage with no way to fit a wall fixing.
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| Casters or arm pads worn | - Worn casters
- Worn arm pads
- Crack in base, frame or mechanism
| - Turn the chair over: cracks in the base, the mechanism housing and the arm mounts.
- Pull a caster: is the stem the plain push-in type for that model?
- Check arm pads for the fixing method — clipped, screwed or bonded.
| - Label under the seat with model, size and date.
- Whether it comes from an office clearance.
| Basic to Professional, depending on the cause Diagnosis time: Minutes Safety-relevant | Casters and arm pads are user-replaceable on many premium chairs and sold by the maker or its dealers. Stem size and floor type matter. Cracked bases and frames are replaced, not repaired. | - Any crack in base, frame or mechanism.
- Parts for that model are no longer supplied.
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| Seat sinks | | - Set the height, sit for several minutes and see whether it holds.
| | Advanced to Professional, depending on the cause Diagnosis time: Minutes Safety-relevant | A sinking seat points to the gas cylinder, a pressurised component. We publish no removal procedure: it needs the maker’s service instructions for that model. | - Unless priced as a chair that needs a service visit, or bought for parts.
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